Aristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics - 2051 Words

Aristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle then describes steps required for humans to obtain the ultimate happiness. He also states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. A virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The role of virtue to Aristotle is an important one, with out it, it seems humans cannot obtain happiness. Virtue is the connection one has to happiness and how they should obtain it. My goal in this paper is to connect Aristotle’s book of Nicomachean Ethics to my own reasoning of self-ethics. I†¦show more content†¦Aristotle believes happiness is the purpose of life because, a human, when giving reasons and opinions to why they make the decisions between numerous choices, people will conclude to the same ideas, which is whatever choice allows that person to achieve the mo st happiness. Aristotle rightfully concludes that, the support of our decision making is that people will base their moral decisions off the amount of happiness they receive compared to the trouble of performing the action. The center of our decision-making must be a state of character within us, in this case, that weights our delights against our burdens. Aristotle also states finding balance is key, but hard to obtain. Anyone can become angered, gives or spends money, with the right motives, at the right time, the right person, but it is not for everyone, and he says it is not easy. He says goodness is altruistically hard to find. Thus, according to Aristotle, â€Å"It is difficult to live the virtuous life primarily because it is often difficult to find the proper mean between the extremes.† Voluntary and Involuntary actions. As I reference Book III of Nichomachean Ethics, the terms ‘voluntary’ and ‘involuntary’ are used with the indication to the moment of action. So, a voluntary action is one about which we have power. Such as, what to eat throughout the day and night, taking a shower or brushing our teeth or even life altering decisionsShow MoreRelated Aristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle describes the steps required for humans to obtain happiness. Aristotle states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. He states that a happy person cannot be inactive. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. The roleRead MoreAristotle And Marcus Tullius Cicero s Influence On Classical Jurisprudence2574 Words   |  11 PagesMatthew Martinez Professor Kevin Govern Classical Jurisprudence 22 March 2015 Aristotle and Marcus Tullius Cicero’s Influence on Classical Jurisprudence Aristotle was a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, having made contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance, and theater . Marcus Tullius Cicero, prominent Roman statesmen and consul, preeminent orator, lawyer, and master of Latin prose, significant moral and political

Biography of Nicolaus Otto and the Modern Engine

One of the most important landmarks in engine design comes from Nicolaus Otto who in 1876 invented an effective gas motor engine—the first practical alternative to the steam engine. Otto built the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine called the Otto Cycle Engine, and when he completed his engine, he built it into a  motorcycle. Born: June 14, 1832Died: January 26, 1891 Ottos Early Days Nicolaus Otto  was born the youngest of six children in Holzhausen, Germany. His father died in 1832 and he began school in 1838. After six years of good performance, he moved to the high school in  Langenschwalbach  until 1848. He did not complete his studies but was cited for good performance. Ottos main interest in school had been in science and technology but, nevertheless, he graduated after three years as a business apprentice in a small merchandise company. After completing his apprenticeship he moved to Frankfurt where he worked for Philipp Jakob Lindheimer as a salesman, selling tea,  coffee, and sugar.  He soon developed an interest in the new technologies of the day and began experimenting with building four-stroke engines (inspired by Lenoirs two-stroke gas-driven internal combustion engine). In late autumn of 1860, Otto and his brother learned of a novel gas engine that  Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir  had built in Paris.  The brothers built a copy of the Lenoir engine and applied for a patent in January 1861 for a  liquid-fueled  engine based on the Lenoir (Gas) engine with the Prussian Ministry of Commerce but it was rejected. The engine ran just a few minutes before breaking. Ottos brother gave up on the concept resulting in Otto looking for help elsewhere. After meeting Eugen Langen, a technician, and owner of a sugar factory, Otto quit his job, and in 1864, the duo started the worlds first engine manufacturing company N.A. Otto Cie (now DEUTZ AG, Kà ¶ln). In 1867, the pair were awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris World Exhibition for their atmospheric gas engine built a year earlier. Four-Stroke Engine In May 1876,  Nicolaus  Otto built the first practical four-stroke piston cycle internal combustion engine. He continued to develop his four-stroke engine after 1876 and he considered his work finished after his invention of the first magneto ignition system for low voltage ignition in 1884. Ottos patent was overturned in 1886 in favor of the patent granted to  Alphonse  Beau de Roaches for his four-stroke engine. However, Otto built a working engine while Roaches design stayed on paper. On October 23, 1877, another patent for a gas motor engine was issued to Nicolaus Otto, and Francis and William Crossley. In all, Otto built the following engines: 1861 A copy of Lenoirs atmospheric engine1862 A four-cycle compressed charge engine (prior to Rochass patent) which failed as it broke almost immediately1864 The first successful atmospheric engine1876 The four-stroke compressed charge engine which is acknowledged as the Otto cycle engine. The term Otto cycle is applied to all compressed charge, four cycle engines.

Marijuana Research Paper Free Essays

Legalization of marijuana for medical purposes has been proposed to help those who have severe illnesses or pain. While I myself am not a user of marijuana, I have seen the effects first hand of what it does to people. I do have an uncle who is fighting an extremely painful and evasive cancer so I know what it is like to have a relative in pain or suffering from a severe illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people argue that medical marijuana will be beneficial to such people, but this is not the case.Rather, corruption, legal conflicts, and potential abuse along with alternatives provided by continuing research lead the to the conclusion that marijuana should not be allowed as a treatment in the United States because of issues that have arisen with marijuana, as well as the dangers and risks associated with it. To fully understand the medical marijuana controversy, some basic information about it and why people are favoring it as a medical solution are needed. The whole issue began in 1996 when California voters passed Proposition 215.This allowed for the sale and medical use of marijuana for patients with severe illness or pain The main support for using marijuana for medical reasons would be to treat pain in patients with severe illness or those who are terminally ill. A few such illnesses would include AIDS/(HIV), arthritis, cancer, epilepsy, hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, ( Medical). Even though the intentions of using the drug as a medical option are good, the problems make the option it more harmful than beneficial. The biggest problem facing the legalization of marijuana is that the Cannabis Clinics, which are the Marijuana Distribution Centers, are targets of corruption. In a January 17, 2007 DEA press release, the U. S Drug Enforcement Administration spoke out about the centers when DEA Acting agent in charge said, â€Å"Today’s enforcement operations show that these establishments are nothing more than drug trafficking organizations bringing criminal activities to our neighborhoods and drugs near the children and schools†(qtd. In Medical 2009).Another official, Tom Bearden from Colorado stated on PBS: The new industry is medical marijuana, specifically, the commercial dispensaries that have opened in neighborhoods all over the state. At last count, Denver alone had over 300 clinics. More than the number of Starbucks is the oft-quoted statistic. Some residents are concerned the shops could lead to increased crime and encourage loitering near their homes. The dispensary industry has blossomed virtually overnight, with few regulations or rules, and left politicians at the state and local level scrambling to catch up(qtd in Marijuana).With dispensaries popping up on all the street corners people will start questioning the legitimate motive behind these explosive uprisings, the last thing the government needs or wants is to create an uproar of distrust and fear of safety throughout the general public. From this we can see the very negative effects the medical marijuana dispensaries would have on the surrounding communities. Another problem is that doctors are put in a tight position in regard to recommending medical marijuana.The Office of National Drug Control and Policy made a statement in 1996 policy titled â€Å"The Administration’s Response to the Passage of California Proposition 215†. Which stated, â€Å"A practitioner’s action of recommending or prescribing Schedule 1 controlled substances is not consistent with the ‘public interests’(as that phrase is used in the Controlled Substances Act) and will lead to administrative action by the Drug Enforcement Administration to revoke the practitioner’s registration’(qtd. in Medical).Even though California passed proposition 215 to legalize the use of medical marijuana, the Office of National Drug Control still does not agree with this decision, this creates an issue because doctors are then put into the position of advocating for the patient and following the Drug Administration’s rules without causing conflict. Denver City councilman Charlie Brown, stated â€Å"that it is like picking your teeth with a rattle snake. If you have ever tried it you know it is extremely hard to do† (Marijuana).Not only does the medical marijuana option have these legal conflicts, but it also has dangers and risks. The biggest danger is the fact that the results of marijuana use are worse than the supposed â€Å"cure† that it is supposed to be, because it has many harmful chemicals in it. According to the U. S DEA, smoked marijuana contains more than four-hundred different kinds of chemicals, including most of the hazardous chemicals found in tobacco smoke. One example is that there is four times the amount of tar in a marijuana cigarette than in a normal tobacco cigarette (Medical 2009). As you can clearly see, these can reate even more health problems, such as cancer, and research has shown that the amount of tar in a normal cigarette causes a person to lose 11 minutes of their life, that is 44 minutes every time someone wants to smoke weed (Marijuana: Facts). On average a smoker that has started smoking when they turn 18 lose around 14 years of their lives due to complications from smoking. Another negative association marijuana is that marijuana can be addictive, even though very few people can become addicted to marijuana the few that do can suffer extreme consequences, â€Å"some frequent, heavy marijuana users develop â€Å"tolerance† to its effects.This means they need l arger and larger amounts of marijuana to get the same desired effects as they used to get from smaller amounts† (Marijuana: Facts). This can cause an even worse outcome, which is a yearning for harder drugs. In 1999, the Institute of Medicine published a report stating, â€Å"In summary, although few marijuana users develop dependency, some do† (Medical). Even though they say only some people become addicted, that is still too high a risk. Because of all the problems and dangers associated with marijuana, there are more beneficial ways to help citizens with a severe illness.The better alternative to the medical marijuana controversy is to continue research in finding other methods to help people with illnesses. Researching other methods have been beneficial in the past few years. Since 1990, Scientists have discovered and created over 300 completely medicines, vaccines, and biologics approved by the FDA to treat over one hundred and fifty conditions (Saving). All of these were created with safety in mind, which is more than I can say for medical marijuana. This shows a greater impact on the U. S through research than if we started to allow medical marijuana.Also, many new innovative medicines make it possible to prevent or slow the progress of many diseases to avoid costly hospitalization and invasive surgery. Between 1980 and 2000, the number of hospital days fell by 56%. As a result, Americans avoided 206 million days of hospital care in 2000 alone because of our investment in health care (Saving). But even though reports of medical discoveries are in the news nearly every day, new cures, treatments, prevention approaches and diagnostics are actually the products of a long and arduous process† (Fulfilling the Promise).Cynthia Kenyon a Ph. D stated: Americans have benefited from tremendous progress in medical research over the past 60 years. Today, people are living longer and healthier lives thanks in significant part to NIH funded research conducted by physicians and scientists at the nation’s medical schools and teaching hospitals. Scientists’ knowledge of disease is growing rapidly and today they are tackling diseases more complex than ever before such as like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia ( qtd in Saving). I have personally witnessed the positive effects of such research.When my Uncle was in the middle of his battle with cancer, he underwent many extensive treatments. He made significant progress through many months while undergoing chemo and taking various medications. Thanks to the medical research done by scientists, my Uncle is still alive to this day, years after the doctors said he should have lost his life by. If my Uncle had chosen to do nothing but sit back and smoke weed, he would not only still have the cancer but he could have developed even more health problems and needed invasive surgery, and probably would not be here today.The medical marijuana controversy will continue to be an issue for many years to come, and like any other controversy, people on either side of the argument will not want to change their views easily. However, as I have shown it is imperative that our country does not pass any legislation to legalize medical marijuana. Marijuana is illegal for a reason and allowing it to be used to relive pain in those with severe illnesses will, in the long run, have a negative effect.Medical research has greatly benefited lives and is a much better alternative solution than marijuana.Works Cited â€Å"Fulfilling the Promise. Medical Research. † AARC. 2009. Web, 8 April 2010. â€Å"Marijuana: Facts for Teens†. NIDA. gov. 2009. Web 4 April 2010. â€Å" Marijuana. Marijuana timeline in the United States. † PBS Online. 2009. Web. 22 March 2010. â€Å"Medical marijuana†. ProCon. org. 2009. Web. 24 March 2010. â€Å"Saving and improving lives. New medicines transforming patient care. † PHRMA. 2009. Web 1 April 2010. How to cite Marijuana Research Paper, Essays

International Management Ethics and Values

Question: Discuss the different emerging ethical issues of organization. Answer: In the competitive business environment, several companies engaged in different business operations. Different business has different requirements and may be survived with various operational problems. This assignment is all about discussing different emerging ethical issues of organization. With all the explanation, I will bring my thoughts or understanding regarding that topic or chosen journals. Here all the selected ethical issues have been raised different ethical backgrounds which need specific ethical consideration. Ethical issues includes unethical business practices by Coles, illegal corporate hospitality program of BHP Billiton, an accounting scam related issues and ethical consequences related to employee retention policies of Wesfarmers. Tom maintain all this issues the company should maintain core values of each business such as business code of conduct, transparency, communication, accounting disclosures and others. Private label groceries of Coles increase concern for smaller producers of Australia and raised ethical issues: The current trade of private labeling groceries produced by many Australian companies is a cause of concern for smaller producers and domestic food networks in Australia (Schlegelmilch 2016). Coles is one of the dominating retail grocery chain brands in the nation. Despite the company has successfully managed the profitability, the company engaged in the production of private label goods which are usually cheaper than the available branded product in the market. This strategy has made the company more profitable. The companies like Coles have recently practiced this strategy for increasing recognition for example, own brand label milk recently represents seventy one percent of the market. However, the company did not even realize that it hurts ethically smaller producers because brand companies even captured the smaller market. According to Keith (2012), this is an unethical practice where the private level products increases the market power of the chain, despite that of the produce rs who makes those generic items, and in this process Coles is not disclosing their brand name in the market. Coles did not disclosed the development of regional and producer identity even from employees like us in the year of 2011 when this factor generated significant media attention for the case of milk wars. In the year of 2010, the Senate Economics References Committee produced 92-page report titled Milking is for all its worth- competition and pricing in the Australian dairy industry. The main purpose of that report was to outline concerns over competition and pricing in the market of Australia. These tensions intensified when our company cut the price of milk, the private level product, to $1 per litre for all of a sudden. The number of Sixty million dollar refers to an insider estimate of the cost of this price reduction; however, Coles confirmed and denied that the product is loss-leading which is completely wrong facts shared to the market and even to us. The company was a nswerable to The Australian Dairy Farmers Association due to sudden price-cut. They have complained that Coles did not even discuss with the milk suppliers or even the subsidiaries of the company. Thus the company faced many unethical consequences due to this move. Till the recent times, there are hundred and sixty submissions have been made regarding the enquiry from the farmers of dairy and regional co-operatives, manufacturer of foods and related industry. Subordinate prices cited a major factor for the shift of the private product preferences over branded product in the market. According to Keith (2012), this tendering process has been overtly linked with crippling the dairy industry of Australia which favoring the interest of customers and shareholders at the expense of farmers and dairy industry. Therefore, the private grocery production can be a treated as unethical because it provides a stiff competition to the small grocery retailers across Australia. According to me, the p rivate grocery selling of Coles has been a monopolistic business process in terms of the milk supply. By this approach the company may remove the existence of the small retailers from the dairy industry in the nation. Furthermore, these may definitely impacts largely on the dairy processors and farmers because they definitely lose the per unit revenue of milk products due to this private selling option followed by the bigger retailer brands like Coles and Woolworths and many more (Bilinelli 2016). According to me, an ethical issues raised by the private selling, can be removed if the company reduce the aggressive pricing strategy and market control. This move can establish better relationship with the companys suppliers like Jersey Fresh from Barossa Valley in south side of Australia. By this, the company can increase their profitability under the ethical consideration and accountability. This has also been understood by that here the company needs to think about corporate social re sponsibility to do the business successfully. BHP Billiton fine a warning on corporate hospitality: issues regarding corruption allegation BHP Billiton was responsible for official sponsorship of 2008 Beijing Olympic. The US Securities and Exchange Commission slapped Australian mining company with a $25 million fine for companys unethical hospitality program (Adhariani, Sciulli and Clift 2014). Anti-corruption watchdog Transparency International said that some of the officials mainly from the countries like Asia and Australia who were treated to tickets, luxury hotels and other facilities were close to the shady regimes and made negotiation with the BHP Billiton. However, despite this unethical hospitality program, the company failed to provide sufficient internal control over a global hospitality program that the company hosted in connection with its sponsorship of the Olympic Games. These issues later intensified when this has been found that 176 government officials and employees of state-owned corporations attended the Olympics at the companys expense (Dodds 2015). The SEC suggested that the company failed to provi de employees with particular training on how to evaluate the risk of corruption of an invitation or to provide specified guideline to accomplish a hospitality application form for foreign officials invited to the Olympics. This has been notified by the director of the Transparency International that the company has followed an unethical, unsystematic process for preparation, review and approval of the requests and thus the company was caused for violation of the provisions of the internal controls of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. However, the official authority of the company neither admitted nor declined those unethical audit practices because the company has made an independent compliance group. In this context the shares of the company are traded on the NSX had not found anything relating to the practice of corrupt or bribery intent (Richards 2013). The company further clarified that the company had already taken the remedial action and developed a global compliance pro gram (Ingerman et al. 2015). According to me, as it is being recognized by the government official that inviting government officials to the Olympic at the companys expense to make the stakeholders relationship more stronger cam definitely considered a substandard oversight requirements. In that context, the SEC clarified that BHP Billiton repeatedly extended those invitations to the foreign government officials for establishing the pending contract negotiations or dealings with regulation such as the efforts of the company to obtain access right. As per the final decision made by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, BHP Billiton was accused for violating anti-bribery and corruption laws. By this case study, I firmly believe that the company should not participate in such kind of hospitality program which was completely designed by the internal management of the company. As per my interpretation, being the official sponsor of Beijing Olympic 2008, it was completely unethical t o give extra privilege for the certain foreign government official, which was against the Olympics terms and conditions. Satyam scam: biggest international accounting fraud and unethical business practices Satyam scam was all about the fraudulent auditing practices and corporate governance allegedly in participation with chartered accountants and auditors (DeZoort and Harrison 2016). The company has misrepresented its accounts both to its stock exchanges, board, regulators, investors and all other stakeholders. This Indian company was established in1987 and gradually the company was placed as the 4th fastest growing IT Company in India. As per the background suggests the company was acquired 9 percent market share at the time the scam happened. Apart from the Indian stock exchange the company is the first Indian company to be listed in three international exchanges: Dow, NYSE, and EURONEXT. The chairman of the company, Ramalinga Raju, being the founder of this software development company was found guilty as disclosed Rs 7000 crore accounting fraud in the balance sheets (Bhasin 2016). By the tampering the accounts of the company, the balance sheet was falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 bi llion in the market. This was the biggest accounting fraud in the international circuit. Furthermore, the company falsified their revenues, margin and cash balances which was near about 50 billion rupees (Alexander 2016). Since 1999, the company involved in the unethical practices when land purchased by Raju by the fund which were earned from Satyam. Moreover, the company financed their purchases through pledging and selling all of his shares included shares of their family members. It was completely unethical issue as per the laws of land which did not permit the natives to acquire more than 54 acres of land. Additionally the company began purchasing land through his privately held companies. When it was proven unethical, the company has managed to set up 325 companies owned by his immediate denizen. Due to having no rental income, the company was majorly bought lands which are agriculture-driven. This company involved in such unethical practices intentionally however, in 2008, Raj u was forced to commit this fraud in front of their board members due recessionary pressure happened in the year of 2008. All options were being closed by his side and this mammoth accounting fraud was confessed such financial irregularities. During the year, Satyam announces a board meeting to consider buy back to keep investors trust in order to buy stake in Maytas infrastructure. However, all the unpaid files has gone against the company and promoters were claimed INR 55 Billion. All these accounting issues made promoters guilty although it is almost impossible to misrepresent such accounting and financial irregularities which the connivance of the auditors and several executive board members (Pandey, Rishi and Aadil 2016). This case even suggests that independent directors were kept in the dark by not disclosing the actual book of accounts. According to me, this was completely unethical corporate governance of the company, practiced by the members of the organizations and the ex ternal bodies like chartered accountant and auditors. The company, Price Water Cooper was involved as the external third party auditors of Satyam. This audit company was found guilty due to gross negligence and possible involvement in that fraud. Additionally the license of the auditing of two auditors was cancelled by the Institute of Chartered Accountants (ICAI) and imposed a maximum fine of RS 500000 on each auditor. Furthermore, PwC was penalized for this large audit fraud. As per my point of view the stakeholders have immense trust and faith in the statutory auditors and hence given that amount of respect. However, the confidence of such users was shaken up due to financial irregularities hindered by the auditing process of the company. In case of reporting financial information, the statutory auditors shall maintain the fundamental responsibilities such as sharing all informational details and represent them in true and fair manner. However, both the executives of Satyam Techn ologies and auditors made involves in delivering unethical practices. The company was found guilty in all wrong treatments as far as the managing financial dealings. On the other hand, PwC, as being the statutory auditor, disclosed during the processing of audits over the period of time. This has been further observed by me that nearly 7500 fictitious invoices were discovered as unchecked (Pandey, Rishi and Aadil 2016). Nearly 45000 employees were working at the time of came to light this scam in January 2009. Those were not being even conscious about that large business conspiracy and decisive by the management of the company. By this case study, I understood that the company was involved in all wrong doings because thousands of acre lands were acquired by the company just because of booming the realty market of the company. However, the company would not afford to lose the shareholders confidence and thus all such financial irregularities had been camouflaged by keeping healthy pr ofits in front of them. If the company had maintained records and relevant financial information as per the rules prescribed by the different accounting standards following ethical consideration, then the company would not face this financial debacle. Employee retention raised ethical issues in Wesfarmers Employee retention is all about the ability of an organization to retain its employee (Erickson 2016). However the Wesfarmers, one of the powerful diversified companies in Australia, failed to maintained this retention policy which have raised many ethical issues related to the employees engagement of the company (Lindebaum, Geddes and Gabriel 2016). As per my point of view, if the company has a higher employee retention rate, then such organization bound to bear total cost: of losing an employee such as: Costs involved in hiring a new employee On boarding costs of a new employee Lost productivity Lost engagement Error in customer service Impacts of culture Costs of training There are several complains have been recorded against Wesfarmers because the company does not disclosed several inherent clauses at the time of employment. As per my belief, companies that work to build and maintain ethical workplace culture should accomplish the desire of the motivated and productive employees. Here many of the employees faced problem due to handle ranges of services by a single efforts. Furthermore, the company retention policy not included the training process seriously and even does not updated the training procedures over the times (Ahammad et al. 2016). Due to this, employees of the company do not expose their optimum potentiality during serving for that company. These raised several ethical issues and make the morale of employees down. Last year 41 percent of employees of Wesfarmers noticed that they observed unethical and non-transparent employee practices which made due to getting more tax benefits. There many people felt that the company does not much thin k about maintaining ethical workplace cultures which are definitely one of the prime considerations for diversified companies like Wesfarmers (Erickson 2016). In this company, many cultures are working together, which are coming from different backgrounds and have different thought process, believe, understanding and work priorities. There are many issues raised because the company has not been considered such cultural factors too seriously during the recruitment process and even in the companys employee retention policies. For all these gap of practices, the company has recorded many ethical complaints in order to maintain the employee retention process. In this context, the company needs to take a serious ethical consideration to resolve such issues. To consider cultural backgrounds and maintaining transparency by disclosing all clauses related to the employee retention policies at the time of the recruitment process shall be maintained. Furthermore any sudden changes made by the company related to this matter shall be notified by each employee. By following this process, the company will surely ensure more employee satisfaction. References: Adhariani, D., Sciulli, N. and Clift, R., 2014. An Analysis on Corporate Governance Practices Using the Feminist Ethics of Care Framework: A Study of BHP Billiton. Available at SSRN 2529927. Ahammad, M.F., Tarba, S.Y., Liu, Y. and Glaister, K.W., 2016. Knowledge transfer and cross-border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural distance and employee retention. International Business Review, 25(1), pp.66-75. Alexander, J., 2016. Cultivating Character: The Challenge of Business Ethics Education. Managing Responsibly: Alternative Approaches to Corporate Management and Governance, p.191. Bhasin, M., 2016. Survey of Creative Accounting Practices: An Empirical Study. Wulfenia Journal KLAGENFURT, 23(1), pp.143-162. Bilinelli, L., 2016. Valuing the use of Corporate Social Responsibility in Australian food industry. DeZoort, F.T. and Harrison, P.D., 2016. Understanding Auditors Sense of Responsibility for Detecting Fraud Within Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-18. Dodds, M.A., 2015. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Cases Impact Sport Marketing Strategies. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 24(4), p.258. Erickson, R.A., 2016. Communication and Employee Retention. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Ingerman, B., Hynes, M.D., Benjet, B.H. and Neff, K., 2015. Not just a compliance program, but an effective compliance program: SEC, DOJ issue strong reminders. Journal of Investment Compliance, 16(4), pp.4-5. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local. Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, 2, pp.47-81. Lindebaum, D., Geddes, D. and Gabriel, Y., 2016. Moral emotions and ethics in organisations: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-12. Pandey, S., Rishi, P. and Aadil, A., 2016. promoting ethical behaviour through management of'bad apples': a conceptual analysis. Journal of Organisation Human Behaviour, 5(1). Richards, I., 2013. Beyond city limits: Regional journalism and social capital. Journalism, 14(5), pp.627-642. Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Global Marketing Ethics and CSR. In Global Marketing Strategy (pp. 195-220). Springer International Publishing.